Deductive method

निगमन विधि (Deductive Method )

nigaman vidhi vidyaarthiyon ke lie atyant saral hain. adhyaapak kaksha mein ganit ke prashnon ko hal karane se pahale hee unase sambandhit sootr, niyam va paribhaasha aadi ko bata deta hai evan usake aadhaar par prashn hal karata hain. isamen chhaatron ko ganana ke sivaay aur kuchh nahin karana padata hai. chhaatr niyam sootr ityaadi yaad kar lete hai. is vidhi mein saamaany se vishesh, niyam se udaaharan tatha sookshm se sthool kee or chalate hain.

 joseph laindan ke anusaar :- " nigaman vidhi dvaara shikshan mein sabase pahale paribhaasha ya niyam sikhaaya jaata hai evan phir usake arth ko spasht kiya jaata hai aur ant mein tathyon ke prayog se use poornatah spasht kar diya jaata hai."

निगमन विधि के शिक्षण सूत्र (nigaman vidhi ke shikshan sootr)

1.  niyam se udaaharan kee or 
2. agyaat se gyaat kee or 
3. amoort se moort kee or 
4. saamaany se vishisht kee or sookshm se sthool kee or
5.  pramaan se pratyaksh kee or 

निगमन विधि के चरण/पद/सोपान(nigaman vidhi ke charan/pad/sopaan)

1.  niyam ya sootr ya paribhaasha
2.  prayog ya udaaharan 
3. ya nireekshan 
4. nishkarsh ya vishleshan pareekshan ya satyaapan

 niyam ya sootr ya paribhaasha :- is pad par chhaatron ke samaksh niyam ya sootr ya paribhaasha prastut kee jaatee hain. 

prayog ya udaaharan :- niyam ya sootr ya paribhaasha ke satyaapan ke lie prayog kaary karana ya udaaharan dena. 

nishkarsh ya vishleshan :- udaaharan ya prayog ke maadhyam se nishkarsh par pahunchana. 

pareekshan ya satyaapan :- chhaatr prayog ya udaaharan kee sahaayata se nishkarsh ka satyaapan ya pareekshan karate hain. 

निगमन विधि के प्रकार(nigaman vidhi ke prakaar) 

1. sootr ya niyameekaran 
2. paathyapustak pranaalee

 sootr ya niyameekaran :- vah pranaalee jisake antargat sabase pahale niyam ya siddhaant prastut karake udaaharan spasht kiye jaata hai use sootr ya niyameekaran kaha jaata hain. 

paathyapustak pranaaleev:- ah pranaalee jisake antargat bachchon kee vyaakaran kee paathyapustak mein die gaye niyam aur udaaharan prastut kiye jaate hain use paathyapustak pranaalee kahate hain.

निगमन विधि के विशेषताएँ या गुण (Characteristics of Deductive Method)

1.  yah maadhyamik aur uchchastar shiksha ke vidyaarthiyon ke lie adhik prabhaavee hain.
2.  is vidhi se vyaakaran padhane par samay kee bachat hotee hain. 
3. yah paramparaagat vidhi hai jise prachalit vidhi bhee kaha jaata hain.
4.  yah vidhi shiksha manovaigyaanik ke thaarnadaik ke niyam par aadhaarit hain. 
5. is vidhi se vyaakaran padhane se bachchon kee smaran shakti ka vikaas ho jaata hain. 
6. yah vidhi maanasik roop se kamajor vidyaarthiyon ke lie adhik prabhaavee maanee jaata hain. 
7. kam samay lene vaalee vidhi hai. poorv nishchit sootr ke upayog se prashn hal karane mein adhik samay nahin lagata. 
8. nigaman vidhi smaran shakti ko ubharatee hai kyonki anek sootr yaad karane padate hain. 
9. abhyaas tatha doharaee ke star par to yah vidhi vishesh laabhakaaree tatha uchit hain.
10.  aagaman vidhi ke saath milakar yah usako apoornata ko sampoorn karatee hain. 
11. prashn hal karane kee gati tatha kshamata ko praphullit karatee hain. 

निगमन विधि की सीमाएँ या दोष (Limitations of Deductive Method)

1.  nigaman vidhi amanovaigyaanik vidhi hai kyonki is vidhi mein ratane par bal detee hain. 
2. nigaman vidhi praathamik shiksha ke vidyaarthiyon ke lie adhik prabhaavee nahin maanee jaatee hain
3. Is nigaman vidhi karake seekhane ke siddhaant kee avahelana karatee hain.
4.  nigaman vidhi se vyaakaran padhane par aatmasaat evamm jigyaasa utpann nahin hotee hain.
5.  yah vidhi pratibhaashaalee bachchon ke lie adhik prabhaavee nahin hain.
6.  anek sootron ko ratane ke kaaran dimaag par anaavashyak bojh padata hain.
7.  vidyaarthee kriyaasheel shikshaarthee nahin ban sakata. 
8. soch, daleel tatha khoj ke vikaas ke lie ayogy. 
9. baalak maanasik shaktiyon ka vikaas nahin ho paata.