Heruristic method is mathematics Teaching

खोज /ह्यूरिस्टिक विधि (Heuristic Method)

(Heuristic) shabd kee greek shabd "hyoorisko (Heurisco )" se utpatti maanee jaatee hain. hyooristik shabd ka arth :- " main khojata hoon " ( i find out mysailf) is vidhi ke janmadaata pro. henaree edavard aarmastraang hain. aarmastraang kee is vidhi ko svayan gyaan praapt karane kee vidhi, anusandhaan vidhi ya khoj vidhi ke naam se jaana jaata hain. isamen baalak svayan hee saty ka pata lagata hain, is kaaran vah adhik sakriy rahata hain aur is prakaar vah ek khojee ka sthaan paata hain. is vidhi mein baalakon ko akela, kisee prakaar kee sahaayata, nirdesh ya maargadarshan ke bina tathyon va niyamon ya hal ko khojane ke lie chhod dena hai taaki unhen maulik, vaigyaanik ya ganitagy kee sthiti mein rahakar tathyon ke hal ko usee tarah se khojane ka avasar praapt ho sake.

ह्यूरिस्टिक विधि के उद्देश्य (Objective of Heuristic Method )

hyooristik vidhi ka mukhy uddeshy vidyaarthee ko ek khojee banana hain. yahaan tathy, siddhaant ityaadi kee shiksha nahin dee jaatee balki gyaan kee praapti kis prakaar kee ja sakatee hai, is par adhik bal diya jaata hain. arthaat ki baalakon ke man mein khoj karane kee pravrtti ko vikasit karana hee mukhy uddeshy hain.is vidhi dvaara baalakon mein satyapriyata, sookshm nireekshan, parikshram ke prati lagaav, kaary mein maulikata, chintan shakti ka vikaas, svayan nirnay lene kee svatantrata, vaigyaanik bhaavanaen tatha khoj kee pravrtti ka bhee vikaas ho. 

harbart spensar:- " baalakon ko kam se kam bataaya jaaye aur jitana adhik sambhav ho, unhen khojane ke lie protsaahit kiya jae. "
aarmastraang ke anusaar :- "anusandhaan vidhi shikshan kee vah vidhi hain, jisamen ham vidyaarthee ko jahaan tak ho sake ek achchhe anusandhaanaatmakarta ke roop mein dekhana chaahate hain."

ह्यूरिस्टिक विधि में अध्यापक की भूमिका (Role of Teacher is Heuristic Method)

  1. is vidhi mein shikshak sakriy nahin hota hain balki kathinaee ke samay maatr sahaayata pradaan karata hain.
  2.  shikshak ko svayan hee ek kushal khojee hona chaahie tatha usamen khojee ke gun vidyamaan hone chaahie.
  3.  shikshak mein jigyaasa evan samasya ke prati ruchi utpann kar sakane aadi kee yogyata rakhane vaala hona chaahie. 
  4. shikshak ko samasya se sambandhit saamagree, soochanaen aadi dene ke lie taiyaar rahana chaahie.
  5. usaka kaary ek nirdeshak, sahaayak va mitr ke roop mein hota hain. chhaatron kee bhool par krodhit na hokar unakee madad karata hain.

ह्यूरिस्टिक विधि के सिद्धांत (Principle of Heuristic Method)

  1.   karake seekhana :- yah vidhi " karake seekhana " par bal detee hain. chhaatr svayan vaastavik paristhiti mein rahakar gyaan praapt karate hain. ve nireekshan karate hain, pareekshan karate hain evan naye gyaan kee praapti karate hain. 
  2. kriyaasheelata ka siddhaant :- yah vidhi kriyaasheelata ke siddhaant par bhee aadhaarit hain kyonki yah baalakon ko khojee va aavishkaarak ke samaan naye tathyon ka gyaan praapt karane ke lie kriyaasheel banatee hain. ve sakriy kaaryakarta hote hain.

ह्यूरिस्टिक विधि के गुण (Demerits of Heuristic Method)

  1.  manovaigyaanik vidhi baalakon ke avastha anusaar samasya lee jaatee hain. isaka pratipaadan " rooso ne kiya tha.
  2. kriyaasheelata svayan apane pramaan va sakriyata ke aadhaar par paane ke lie prerit kiya jaata hain.
  3. svayan karake seekhana baalakon mein kathin parishram kee aadat padatee hain.is prakaar praapt gyaan aanandaayee va sthaayee hota hain isase chhaatron mein aatmavishvaas ka vikaas hota hain.
  4.  vishay ko saral banana shikshak vibhinn shikshan sootron ka prayog karata hain. chhaatr vaastavik paristhitiyon mein rahakar seekhata hain.
  5.  guru - shishy sambandhon se pragaadhata shikshak kee is vidhi mein ek mitr, bhraata, nirdeshak ke roop mein kaary karana padata hain. 
  6. taarkik drshtikon ka vikaas chhaatr bina jaanche parakhe kisee bhee baat ko nahin sveekaarate jisase taarkik drshtikon ka vikaas hota hain. 
  7. anushaasan mein sahaayak chhaatron ke maanasik roop se chust tatha kriyaasheel rahane ke kaaran unaka mastishk vyarth kee baaton mein nahin jaata jisase anushaasan bigadane kee sambhaavana nahin ke baraabar rahatee hain.

ह्यूरिस्टिक विधि के गुण (Demerits of Heuristic Method)

  1.  paathyakram ko samaapt karane mein kathinaee :- nirdhaarit samay mein paathyakram ko samaapt karane mein kathinaee aatee hain. jisase kaary dheemee gati se aage badhata hain. 
  2. samay ka dabaav is vidhi dvaara shikshan karane se samay kee adhik aavashyakata hotee hain. 
  3. chhaatron se aavashyakata se adhik aasha karana gyaan, tathyon kee khoj karane ke lie yah vidhi chhaatron kee yogyata, saamarthyata tatha maanasik vikaas se kaheen adhik kee aasha karatee hain.
  4.  adhyaapak se adhik aasha karana yah vidhi adhyaapak ko vaigyaanik saamaajik aur aarthik paristhitiyon mein usase adhik aasha nahin kee ja sakatee hain. 
  5. trutipoorn nirnay kee sambhaavana aparipakv maanasik shakti ke kaaran truti hone kee sambhaavana rahatee hain. 
  6. kharcheelee vidhi prayog, pareekshan, nireekshan aadi karane ke lie adhik dhan kee aavashyakata hotee hain. 
  7. sabhee vishayon par laagoo nahin kuchh sthitiyon mein khoj karana bilkul asambhav ho sakata hain. 
  8. unnati mein baadhak pratyek baat kee khoj karake grahan karane mein samay adhik lagata hain.

Mathematics Teaching adis cilek her
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